G2.2.1. Incidences of displacement and how these have been addressed
● In terms of national scale implementation, the NRAP is continuing to be implemented nationwide. As of March 2025, 22 of 63 provinces and centrally-administered cities have approved Provincial REDD+ Action Plans (PRAPs). In addition to the country’s first emissions reduction program (ERP) in the North Central Region, an ERP is also being developed in the South Central and Central Highlands regions.
● National data on incidences of displacement and how these have been addressed: n/a.
● The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility ERP (FCPF ERP) includes some information related to displacement in its First Emissions Reductions Monitoring Report:[1]
Ø Key actions to minimize potential displacement within the country followed Directive 13/CT-TW dated 12 January 2017 on strengthening forest management and protection and Resolution 71/NQ-CP of the Government dated 8 August 2017 to implement Directive 13/CT-TW. All provincial party committees and authorities have issued their resolutions and action plans to reinforce forest management and protection and provide incentive policies for agriculture development.
Ø ERP key actions were: (1) Propagate to local people and communities on forest protection and development; (2) Set up collaborate mechanism between line agencies, including forest rangers, border guards, police, customs, local authorities and forest owners; (3) Work closely with bordering provinces to jointly implement forest protection activities in the border areas; (4) Organize annual meeting for review and improvement of forest management and protection; (5) Review land use conversion plan, focusing on hydro power plant construction for replanning and monitoring.
Ø On potential transboundary displacement, Viet Nam signed and implemented an MoU with Lao PDR on joint activities to protect the forests and control illegal wood and forest-based products. ERP provinces bordering Lao PDR also have similar cooperation. A joint review on collaboration results over 2017-2022 was conducted and a new collaboration plan for 2023-2028 has been developed.
Ø The results of emission monitoring reported in the REDD+ technical annex of Viet Nam’s 3rd Biennial Update Report shows reduced emissions and enhanced removals in 2014-2018 and indicates that displacement is controlled.
Ø The ERP has addressed and reduced drivers of deforestation and forest degradation compared to that in the period of 2016-2017, although conversion of forests for infrastructure development has increased.
Ø Key lessons learned for effective control of deforestation and forest conversion are that a strong legal framework is needed, directed by the highest level of government, as well as effective collaboration across line ministries and departments.
[1] FCPF ERP First Monitoring Report (2023): https://vnff.vn/en-us/erpa-program/mmrs/mmr1